Thus, we always expect there to be some differences in means among different groups. When we take samples from a population, we expect each sample mean to differ simply because we are taking a sample rather than measuring the whole population this is called sampling error but is often referred to more informally as the effects of “chance”. It can be used for both observational and experimental studies. Specifically, ANOVA compares the amount of variation between groups with the amount of variation within groups. It does this by looking at variation in the data and where that variation is found (hence its name). Why do we use analysis of variance (ANOVA) when we’re interested in the differences among means? And how do ANOVA tests work? We’ll try and lay it out simply for you.ĪNOVA is used to compare differences of means among more than two groups.
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